Safety And Security And The Hospitality Industry Tourism Essay

Safety And Security And The Hospitality Industry Tourism Essay Introduction and Background of the Study Safety and security plays a big role in this century. Everyone is concerning about their safety and security when they are staying in the hotel during vacation. In the worldwide hotel industry, the management too concern about safety and security issues pertaining on their guests and employees. In the hospitality industry, they are proud of themselves because they are known friendly to everyone in such way of attitude in welcoming their customers or guests. Therefore, they should practice and maintain the concept of a home-from-home with their open-door approach with comfort, convenience and privacy to their guests (Gill, Moon, Seaman Turbin, 2002). After the disasters such as terrorist attack at Luxor Egypt in 1992 and 1993, 852 passengers died on the shipwreck of Estonia in Baltic Sea on 28th September 1994, Iraq war terror attack of September 11, 2001 in New York, United States, the SARS epidemic in 2003, Tsunami disaster on 26th December 2004 in Thailand and Bali bombings, the need for safety and security around the world is growing and the topic of safety and security has become a popular discussion among the people in the world. Besides, most of the hotels have now implemented a safety and security plan as well as quality plan such as providing training for the employees and guests safety and security (Steene, 2009, Lockyer, 2007 and Helena Natasa, 2010). The hotel management has separated the hotel safety into two broad categories which are safety and security. The management categorized safety as in the services provided, also included the construction of the hotel interior designed whereby making sure they are safe built for the employees to work in and in-house guests. However, security in hotel related to threats that set by people than setting by the physical surroundings, which means it depends on the person who set the security danger that cannot be predict (Policy Department, 2008). Based on Enz (2009) personal definition on safety and security, she defined safety as protecting guests safety, while keeping guests property safe will be included in the security definition. In other words, according to Enz and Masako (2002), safety involves in protecting employees and guests while in the hotel area from serious injured and death. In terms of safety, it can be further categorized by various aspects such as fire safety and others aspects of hotel safety. As for hotel safety, it includes food safety, swimming pool safety and not forgetting the hotels property safety such as crime safety (Policy Department, 2008). Problem Statements Training safety and security measures is important to the hospitality industry whereby without the important of measures, the hospitality and tourim industry will not have boom so fast. This is because everyone take their life as precious as gold. Unfortunately nowaday, hotels only used of the tecnology safety and security system to protect their guest. They should have also used of training method and procedures to train their employees and educate guest as a precautions for accidents to happen. Morever, the hospitality should be more concern on which aspects that will have a high rate of accidents happen in the daily rountine. However, why training is crucial for the hospitality industry to look upon on? What are the ways that the hospitality industry able to use to train their employees and guests to keep safe from danger? Which aspects must they concerned on? Research Objectives The intention of this research is done to determine employee safety and security training and education for guests do helps to minimize the safety and security issues in the hospitality industry. This research is carried out to achieve several objectives in the following below: To determined the importance of training safety and security. To determined the ways that the hotels implement to train their employees and educate guests on safety and security to feel secure and comfortable while in the hotel. To identify the factors that the hotels will look into concern and train employees and educate guest to prevent these issues to happen. Research Questions This study is attempted answer the research questions in the following below: Why it is importance of training safety and security? What are the ways that the hotel implements to train their employees and educate their guests on the safety and security? What are the factors that the hotels will look into concern and train employees and educate guest to prevent these issues to happen? Hypothesis Statement The hypothesis in this research will be done based on the value of the population which the hypothesis statement will be related to the importance of training safety and security does lower the percentage of safety and security issues. In this hypothesis research, the author has used a statement which will give less bad effect on the result. Ho = There is no significance between the importance of training safety and security will lower the percentage of safety and security and have no effect on safety and security issues. H1 = There is a significance between the importance of training safety and security will lower the percentage of safety and security and have no effect on safety and security issues. Theoretical and Conceptual Framework The importance of training safety and security on employees and guests Importance of training safety and security Training the employees on safety and security Ways and factors to concerned on Fire safety Accident and private safety Educating guests on safety and security Crime safety and security Figure 1.1 A conceptual framework on the importance of training safety and security on employees and guests in the hotel industry. Basically the above figure shows about this research will be focusing on several facts and facts such as the aspects that the hotel should be more concerned on by implementing ways to protect them. Before the author determined the aspects and ways on protecting the employees and guests safety, the author would like to explain on the importance of training safety and security on employees and guests and not just relying on the safety and security features such as CCTV and others more. As for the aspects for the hotel to be concerned on will be the fire safety, accident and private safety and crime safety and security. These aspects should be concerned on because they will happen in our daily life. Fire is a phenomena aspect which we cannot predict to happen, thus it is important for the hospitality to train the employees and guests on ways to overcome it when it happens. As for accidents and private safety, if the employees and guest are teach to prevent them to happen, the rate of accidents will be lower down. For example, housekeepers should be trained in a right way to clean the room with safety measures. Crime happens almost every day in our life, thus the hotel should also take in precautions even though there are security police and officers. For example, the hotel needs to train employees on ways to not fall into the criminal traps when they suspected suspicious people wondering in the hotels. Significance of the Study Training employees and educate in-house guests in order to keep themselves safe and secure is a very important elements in the hospitality and tourism industry nowadays. With the training of safety and security, they will reach the employees and guests satisfaction where they will feel safe just like they are in their own house. In the mean time, it will also increase the attention from the outsiders and travelers if they know the hotel manage well in safety and security matters, thus this will brings benefits to the hotel when they need more manpower and increase the economy and status of the hotel. The author had recognized the types of training methods for employees and guests to follow to overcome the negative factors which will make them feel safer while being in the hotel at anytime and anywhere. Moreover, the effects of these method used will minimize the safety and security issues. This research will help the organizations in the hospitality industry to understand the purpose of training safety and security will benefit the employees and travelers. This will also benefit the hotel as they practice and applying on the employees and guests to manage and improve the safety and security measures. Scope and Limitation Basically, this research is mainly focusing on the method that the hotels management uses to train their employees and educates their in-house guests in order to keep them safe and secure, also help to reduce negative issues that will happened in the hotel and the surrounding. Hotels keep them safe and secure in terms of avoiding injuries and death on the employees and guests when there are accidents, crime and fire. However, there are several limitations related to this study have occurred in order to complete this research successfully. Firstly, it will be the availability to search for secondary data, the electronic sources. The author has faced some difficulties in searching additional information and electronic articles and journals from the websites that related to training safety and security for employees and educating guests when being in the hotel. Even though, the respective college university has provided several sources for the author like academic websites but there are still lack of sources for the author to collect more information because some of the journals and information need to be purchased before consume. Moreover, the author had faced some challenges because of lacking experience and knowledge in conducting a proposal. It is a great challenge when the author does not have sufficient experience and the skills to collect strong and good data for this research. CHAPTER TWO LITERATURE REVIEW 2.1 Introduction In this chapter, it will contains the finding of the authors had done research regarding on the important of training the employees and educate the guests, also several ways to train the employees and educate guests to keep safe while they are in the hotel. Besides, it will also include the factors where the hotel will be more concern on and avoid injuries happened. As for the previous researchers findings and theories, they will be used as supporting information also ensuring that the methods and factors will be focusing on will help in this research. Moreover, all information and data that have been gathered for this research are from various secondary data sources such as electronic articles and journals. 2.2 Importance of training for safety and security The word training is means by giving a person the actual and enough information to him or her needed in order to work safely. It is not crucial that training need to have a formal class session or seminars and courses for the employees to attend. In this generation, there are various aspects that make the hotel successful whereby these aspects are health, safety and sustainability of the attractions business (Williams 2008). According to Pitt (2007), in United Kingdom, there are about more than 30 million of working days lost in each year due to employees health sickness and seven million are because of employee injured in the working place. Every year, there are more than a million of employees suffering from bully while working by their own colleagues or public. Therefore, in order to reduce the number of workplace injury and others factors, training employees and guests to keep themselves safe while working and staying in the hotel are crucial. Based on the research by Health and Safety in the Catering Industry Liaison Committee, there is a legal law to provide information and training regarding to health and safety aspects to all employees who are needed (http://www.hse.gov.uk). 2.3 Training employees Weitze (2008) noted that if the hotel management is lacking of employees training, lack of maintaining the policies and procedures and lastly lacking of prevention, these will all lead to a safety related incident. Thus, it is important to train the employees from the hotel itself first before to educate the guests. Moreover, the staffs of Shangri-la Hotel are the first people who will interact with the guests once they step into the hotel. It does not matter they are from which department of the hotel, as long they are Shangri-la Hotel employees such as bell boy, front desk staffs, housekeepers and more, the employees are responsible to create a culture of safety and professionalism to keep themselves safe and keeping the guest safety and security as well (Kwiecinski, 2010). Therefore, it is crucial for the management to train every employee to be able to face to face in any accidents such as fire, police and other emergency services people so that they may help out if that is a need (William, 2008). Based on a health and safety manager, Duncan Aspin, he had stated that managers need to shape up health and safety training policy for ensuring every employee have sufficient training on safety and security issues to reduce accident (Mottram, 2005). For an example, according to Mottram (2005), providing program regarding on staff development and safety training has given a hand to North-West division of Birse Civil to achieve zero percent accident rate, which is also the top 1 company in UK as construction industry for safety. Therefore, training employees not only will help to save their lives but also help Shangri-la Hotel to rise up hotel status. 2.4 Educating guests Besides Shangri-la Hotel train their employees to keep themselves safe and implementing safety and security features for the guest safety, it is also important for them to train their in-house guests to take care of themselves as well. In general, everyone who travels around and look for accommodations would expect they will be safe and their property will be secure leaving them in the hotel while they are out for travel. However, sometimes it is hard to predict that guest will be safe by just depending on the hotels safety and security features, thus the guests should also learn how to protect themselves away from crimes, accidents and fire. According to the research by Mottram (2005), in the year of 2003, 80 people who include the guests and employees of Birse Civils have attended the safety management and courses. In result, the company has recorded as zero accidents occur within the company area. 2.5 Ways and factors that will be concerned on 2.5.1 Fire Safety Fire accident is an accident whereby we cannot predict when to happen and when not to happen. Even if there is a fire, the guests might not know how to handle because they are not aware of it. Therefore, the hotel management should take precautions on handling the safety of their employees and guests. For example, sometimes foreign in-house guests might have slow respond to the evacuation alarms when it rings because they do not have an understanding situation in the local hotel (Roberts Chan, 2000). According to Helena Natasa (2010), in order to protect guest safety, the management of the hotel needs to educate guest by providing instructions, labels and reminders which related to fire preventions. The purpose of implement this so that guests will not be panic and nervous when there is fire accident, in fact they will stay calm and know the way to leave the hotel building safely. Throughout the research, as for the fire precautions to protect the guest and employees safety, Shareton Hotel did the best in training their employees to handle fire incident in order to save their life and the guest life too. They provide full induction and training for all hotel staffs on working safe procedures and responses which relate to fire. Besides, new personnel will be trained to use types of extinguishers and taught them ways to handle when the hotel is on fire (Roberts Chan, 2000). 2.5.2 Accidents and Private Safety In the Occupational Safety and Health Act (OSHA), it has stated in 1970 that each working people either man or woman in the nation need to have a safe and healthful working conditions which also means that without having any injuries during the working period (Hobson, 1996). In the hospitality industry, it is important for the hoteliers to look into this aspect because accident can happen in the hotel easily at anytime and anywhere on the employees and guests. In the research by Mottram (2005), the company of Birse Civils does provide training to their employees which included first-aid training. This training is to ensure that their employees are qualified to the Health and Safety Regulation 1981, which need four days training at St John Ambulance premises. Thus, as for all hospitality industry, the management should provide training like this as a protection to their employees and guests safety. In addition, in certain time, housekeeping department has a high percentage of causing accidents when the housekeepers do not handled dangerous chemicals in a proper way and practicing unhealthy poses while cleaning the rooms. Due to they are dealing with dangerous hazardous chemicals which will affect their health and life, safety and security training and orientation are important and should be practice in the housekeeping department even though the housekeepers did not handle any machinery. As an example, Wyswert hotel does provide training and information for the housekeepers on what they are supposed and not supposed to do (Kristanti Kuhn, 2005). However, sometimes it is a part of the employees jobs to protect the in-house guests safety. Leong (2000) has stated that the entire employees need to be trained so that they know about the security procedures to follow on which will be helpful for the guests. Thus, training employees is important especially when the front desks agent is dealing with the arrival guests room key. According to Kristanti Kuhn (2005) and Woods, Ninemeier, Hayes Austin (2007), they have mentioned that front desk agents are not allowed to give out keys, room numbers, messages and mail to anyone from the requester without the owners of the room real identity. Also, during the process when the front desk agent passes the room key to the guest, they should not announce the guests room number out in the public. In addition, restaurant staffs also play a role in keeping the guests safety and security whereby they need to keep their customers property in secure when they are having their meals in the respective restaurant. The restaurant manager needs to train the server to be more alert on the customer belongings (Kristanti Kuhn, 2005). 2.5.3 Crime Safety and Security Nowadays, violent crime in the workplace has become a world issue that everyone will concern. Therefore, it is now has become a problem to the hospitality industry that they will be facing and this problem is increasing in other countries (Hobson, 1996). After the incident of a popular singer was raped with a knife pointed at her in Long Island motel, the issues of security become a serious issue to all hotels in the United States (Leong, 2000). Therefore, hotels have aware of crime issues and security system and start practicing crime management (Gill, Moon, Seaman Turbin, 2002). Crime in the workplace has generally separated into different categories such as robbery and other commercial crimes, employer or other employee direct situations and terrorism. In order to minimize the rate of violence crime in the hospitality industry, the management can strengthen the manager and supervisors security skills and ways to use first aids. It is important for both of them to be expert in managing these securities because they are the one will handle the problems when there is a problem. For example of a case that happened in Pasadena, Texas in 1977, the manger of the hotel did not help the victim because of lacking of security knowledge (Hobson, 1996). Besides training the higher level of management, training the front line employees is needed too so that they will have the knowledge on handling it. The management of the hotel can give training such as smile training which known as dont look them in the eyes training to teach the employees so that they will be more prepare and calm when there is a situation occur. A clear and understandable instruction should be given in order to avoid fighting when there is a robbery (Hobson, 1996). Under the research that has been done by Shellum (2002), several hotels have taken action to strengthen the security issues. They have improved their security-guards training and then evaluate them by standard operating procedures so that it is constant. Research has shown that awareness is the most important tools in order to take care of safety, thus the example of the hotel has done show the right way of training the employees (Helena Natasa, 2010). Thus, they have increased the staff-awareness by giving them more training instead of hiring security guards (http://www.hotelasiapacific.com). CHAPTER THREE RESEARCH METHODOLOGY 3.1 Introduction In this chapter, the author will be describing about the research methodology which will be using to collect data for this research and seeing how the data will reach the research objectives. With the used of this research methodology by following the structure of guidelines, it will help the author to collect reliable and trustable results for the research. In order to test the results for this research, qualitative and quantitative methods will be used as a support with one another and the outcome of the results will be accurate in this research. 3.2 Research Design Qualitative methods is used for this research whereby it will be rely more upon interviews sessions and some case studies research dealing with some small numbers of people. The author will collect the data and information by targeting to interview the people in Shangri-la Hotel on how they train their staffs and guests to keep themselves safe while being in the hotel. The author would plan to interview the managers based on one on one basis so that more information included own opinions and thoughts will be given by themselves. The interview questionnaire will be set and ask based on the related questions stated in Chapter 1. The progress of doing interview session with the respondent will basically starts with creating the interview questionnaires and scripts that have related to this research. After the progress of preparing the questionnaire that will be asked to the respondent, setting and conducting a direct test steps will be taken for the interview session. After all, the last section of the process will be the author interview the respondent in one on one basis. Quantitative method is another part of research methodology that will be used to collect information from the respondent. This research method will have less interview sessions and observation. However, it is more towards on the collections of the data and analyzes the numerical data and statistic. For this research, survey technique will be used by creating a survey questionnaire for the respondent, which is the guest in Shangri-la Hotel. This is done in order for the author to have more understanding on this research. 3.3 Data Collection In this research, there are two types of data collected that has been used for this study which are the primary data and secondary data. The combination of these two data collection may be useful and able to show accurate results which will help the author to do for this research. 3.3.1 Primary Data In this research, primary data is important for the researchers to collect data because the information that collected is direct from the respondent itself. Therefore, it will be much more accurate. However, this method that will be used requires more time, cost and energy to complete. Thus, the author needs to spend more effort in order to collect great information and data. The primary data for this research will be collecting through one on one interview and questionnaire survey. Firstly, the author will be only target the manager of each department in Shangri-la Hotel to collect information and data which relate to this research. The respondent that will be interviewed will be at least at the manager level; therefore the results taken will be more useful and reliable. The interview questionnaire will be asked will more base on the ways and the factors of safety and security issues will be focusing on. The purpose of using interview method is because data that given will be more in depth and interviewer able to ask more personal question in order to gather extra information. Also, it is possible for the interviewer to record down the conversation during interview session as references and proofs with the permission approve from the interviewees. 3.3.2 Secondary Data Secondary data are data that have gathered and done by previous researchers and now become the needs for the current researcher. Besides, secondary data can be known as ready quick sources with strong facts and evidence. Secondary data includes books, journals, articles, news and others more. As for this research, the secondary data will be more relying on the electronic journals and less on academic textbooks. The data collected will be used more on internet sources because it is easy to gather valuable data which have done by someone else previously. Electronic journals articles that used to find relevant articles and journals as a support for some facts in this research are from the database of EBSCOhost from KDU e-library websites, Emerald from USCI library website and Google Scholar. All information that collected from these three websites is validity, accuracy also free for bias. In addition, the author will borrow some books for extra information which relate to the research doing from the library of KDU University College at Petaling Jaya campus. 3.4 Sampling Design 3.4.1 Sampling Technique The author would choose non-probability sampling as a tool to choose the respondent for this research study. The author will be interviewed the managers of Shangri-la Hotel through quota sampling to get information. However, quota sampling will not be a helpful tool for the author to do this research because not everyone is selected to be interviewed, thus convenience sampling will be use in survey questionnaire. The questionnaire will be distributed to the targeted respondents who are willing to answer the questions sincerely. With the use of this method, it gives the author to have large number of full complete questionnaires fast and inexpensive which help the author to save cost. 3.4.2 Sampling Frame In this research, the hotel that the author choose to do on research is Shangri-la Hotel, Kuala Lumpur, thus the author will only target the respondents who are the guests who stays in Shangri-la Hotel regardless of gender or races for the convenient sampling. As for the quota sampling, the author will only select people who have a high level of management to interview.

Types of Story Leads

Lead Every news story begins with an introduction called the lead. This may be a single word, a phrase, a clause, a brief sentence, an entire paragraph or a series of paragraphs. The main functions of the lead, aside from introducing the news story, are to tell the story in capsule form and to answer right away the questions the reader would naturally ask. A good lead answers all the important questions of the reader, indicates the attendant circumstances if they are all important, and arouses the readers’ interest to continue reading the story.The lead is the beginning, the most important structural element of a story. Charnley (1966) stated that, â€Å"an effective lead is a brief, sharp statement of the story's essential facts. † The lead is usually the first sentence, or in some cases the first two sentences, and is ideally 20-25 words in length. Leads should: * open with bright, interesting, colorful nouns and verbs be brief (often only 20-30 words) be, for the mos t part, one sentence in length be crisp and to the point effectively summarize the story â€Å"feature the feature† include attribution (the source) if needed for credibility ive the title for any person mentioned not include personal pronouns such as â€Å"we† and â€Å"you† not include reporter opinion Summary lead The typical lead is called a summary lead or straight summary lead, and it, of course, summarizes the story. The journalist must, therefore, write a clear, fairly short sentence that reveals all, telling the end result of the story. Someone should be able to read the lead and be informed about what happened without reading the rest of the story. A summary lead should answer as many of the 5W's and H as possible: who, what, when, where, why and how.The 5 W’s and H provide the news writer with quick and convenient means of organizing the lead of a story. They also provide the framework or structure for organizing the lead of a story. This is on e of the most common forms of hard news story. But, the question is that how do we decide what is most important and what should follow in descending order of importance? Here, we must use our own judgment. Some questions to ask: What will affect the readers the most? What questions does the lead raise that need to be answered immediately? What supporting quotes are strongest?Below are examples of leads which feature the various 5W's & H. The words that make up the â€Å"W† that is featured are in bold face type. | WHO lead Used when the person involved is more prominent than what he does or what happens to him. -Reckless drivers who don't seem to be drunk may well be high on cocaine or marijuana, according to roadside tests that indicate drugs may rival alcohol as a hazard on the highway. -Monica Lewinsky, the former low-level aide at the center of the current White House investigation, is willing to submit to a polygraph examination in exchange for complete immunity from pr osecution, her lawyer said Sunday.WHAT lead Used when the event or what took place is more important than the person involved in the story. -A pack of wild monkeys terrorized a seaside resort town south of Tokyo last week, attacking 30 people and sending eight of them to the hospital with bites. (This also co-features the who. ) -A Soyus spacecraft docked flawlessly with the Mir space station Saturday, bringing a fresh crew of two Russian cosmonauts and a Frenchman to the orbiting outpost — along with a bottle of French wine. WHY lead Used when the reason is more prominent or unique than what happens. With more amateurs cutting wood for use as an alternative to high-priced heating oil, hospitals are coping with an increasing number of injuries due to chain-saw accidents, reported the American College of Surgeons. WHERE lead Used when the place is unique and no prominent person is involved. -Red China will be the site of the next International Film Festival. WHEN lead Rarely u sed as the reader presumes the story to be timely. However, this lead is useful when speaking of deadlines, holidays and important dates. -Today, almost to the hour, the Revolutionary Government was proclaimed by President Corazon Aquino.HOW lead Used when the manner, mode, means, or method of achieving the story is unnatural way. -Louisiana-Pacific Corp. plans to sell seven out-of-state lumber mills and expand production at 17 others in order to boost output by up to 40 percent. (The how in this lead is also the what. ) Novelty leads Novelty leads differ from  summary leads in  that they make no attempt to answer all of the five Ws and the H. As  the  name  implies novelty  leads are novel. They   use   different   writing   approaches   to   present different   news   situations   to   attract   the   reader’s   attention and   arouse   curiosity.Type of Novelty Lead| Example| CONTRAST: The contrast lead compares two opposite extrem es, generally dramatize a story. The comparisons most frequently used are tragedy with comedy, age with youth, the past with the present and the beautiful with the ugly. | In 1914, the United States entered the First World War with a Navy of 4,376 officers, 68,680 men, 54 airplanes, one airship, three balloons and one air station. Today, there are more than 500,000 active duty officers and enlisted personnel, 475 ships and 8,260 aircraft in our Navy. PICTURE: The picture lead draws a vivid word of the person or thing in the story. I t allows the reader to see the person or thing as you saw it. | Thin and unshaven , his clothes drooping from his body like rags on a scarecrow, Frank Brown, USN, today told naval authorities about six-week ordeal in an open rubber boat in the South China Sea. The new principal, although only at his early thirties, is already silver-haired. He seldom talks, but when he does, he talks with sense. | FREAK: The freak lead is the most novel of the novelty le ads.As the name implies, the freak lead employs a play on words, alliteration, poetry or an unusual typographical arrangement to introduce the facts in the story and to attract the reader’s attention. | For sale: One guided missile destroyer. The Navy is thinking about inserting this advertisement. †¦ $ammy $mith, who i$ just $even, wa$ digging in the $and at $amsons beach today and gue$$ what he found? | BACKGROUND: The background lead is similar to a picture lead, except for one important difference. It draws a vivid word picture of the news setting, surroundings or circumstances. High seas, strong winds and heavy overcast provided the setting for a dramatic mission of mercy in the North Atlantic on the first day of the new year. The PNC campus was turned into a miniature carnival ground Sept. 1 during the 85th F-Day celebration of the College. Decorated with buntings and multi-colored lights, the college quadrangle was a grand setting for a barrio fiesta. | PUNCH: The punch lead consists of a blunt, explosive statement designed to surprise or jolt the reader. | The president is dead. Friday the 13th is over, but the casualty list is still growing.Victory Day! Magsaysay High School celebrated March 18 its 5th victory in the city-wide journalism contests. | QUESTION: The question lead features a pertinent query that arouses the readers’ curiosity and makes them want to read the body of the story for answers. Phrase this lead as a rhetorical question. | How does pay in the Navy compare with civilian wagers? Has the space age affected the role of the Navy? | QUOTATION: The quotation lead features a short, eye catching quote or remark, usually set in quotation marks.A quote lead should be used only when it is so important or remarkable that it overshadows the other facts in the story. | â€Å"You really don’t know what freedom is until you have had to escape from Communist captivity, † says Bob Denglar, a former Navy lieutenant a nd an escape from a Viet Cong prison camp. â€Å"The youth in the New Republic have become partners of the government in its struggle for progress and advancement,† thus spoke PNC Dean of Instruction Rebecca D. Alcantara to some 400 student delegates to the 1998 Hi-Y-H-teens Leadership Training Seminar held Dec. 6-39 at the College Auditorium. | DIRECT ADDRESS: The direct address lead is aimed directly at the readers and makes them collaborators with facts in the story. It usually employs the pronouns â€Å"you† and â€Å"your. † | Your pay will increase by ten percent next month. You can receive a college education Navy expense if you qualify under a new program announced this week. | References : http://journalism20. nuvvo. com/lesson/7587-lead-of-a-news-story www. angelfire. com http://photographytraining. tpub. com

Reasons for the U.S. Turning to Imperialism at the End of...

Essay Question: Why did the U.S. turn to Imperialism at the end of the 19th century? Imperialism is the creation and maintenance of an unequal economic, cultural, and territorial relationship, usually between states and often in the form of an empire, based on domination and subordination.† (Johnston 375) By the 1890s, many Americans leaders started to have new attitude towards imperialistic adventures abroad. There were numerous reasons for the U.S. to turn to Imperialism at the end of the 19th century, mainly the economic, political, strategic, and humanitarian motives. Various industrialists as well as investors including bankers and the new wealthy class feared that the United States would soon produce more than it†¦show more content†¦An initial indication for American attitudes toward the use of force abroad was demonstrated in Hawaii. In 1893, encouraged by the Harrison administration and assisted by the U.S. Marines from the cruiser Boston, pro-American sugar planter overthrew Queen Liliuokalani and requested the annexation of Hawaii by t he U.S. After that, President Grover Cleveland sent a commission to Hawaii to determine the wishes of the Hawaiian citizens concerning their future, Last but not least, the idea of racial superiority from Social Darwinism and, ironically, the moral responsibility to civilize and â€Å"uplift† the â€Å"inferior races† of Africa and Asia accounted for the increased American interest in foreign frontiers in the 1890s. In his book Our Country, Josiah Strong stated that God had appointed Anglo-Saxons to be their â€Å"brother’s keeper.† Furthermore, Kipling bolstered the idea of the â€Å"White Man’s Burden†, the duty of white people to help and educate people who lived in â€Å"undeveloped civilization†. Senator Albert J. Beveridge of Indiana also suggested that the opening of the frontier would free the American spirit. Right before the Spanish American War or the Cuban War for Independence 1898, American public opinion was heavily infl uence by the â€Å"Yellow Press†. Sensationalized stories about â€Å"butcher† Weyler and the horrendous human conditions in concentration camps were published and spread throughout the U.S. ForShow MoreRelatedAmerican Imperialism Essay1306 Words   |  6 PagesAmerican Imperialism has been a part of United States history ever since the American Revolution. Imperialism is practice by which powerful nations or people seek to expand and maintain control or influence over weaker nations or peoples. Throughout the years there has been many instances where the Americans have taken over other people countries, almost every time we go into we have taken over a new piece of land. 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Since the last century, the U.S has used the power of evil governments to slightly expand the presence of their military and ensure the safety of commercial interests. From Cuba in the early 20th century to numerous Middle Eastern countries in the 21st century, the case has been evident that the US will overlook various human rights violations just for an additional military base or forRead MoreMotorcycle Diaries3242 Words   |  13 PagesTask: Motorcycle Diaries Question Two: Define Communism. Discuss its origins and how and where it was spread. In your discussion you must refer to at least 3 countries, which have adopted communism and examine its success and failures and the reason behind both. You must also examine the role Marxism plays in Communist ideology. Communism is an economic and social system in which all, or nearly all, property and resources are collectively owned by a classless society and not by individual citizensRead MoreImperialism And War : American Foreign Affairs7199 Words   |  29 PagesImperialism and War: American Foreign Affairs 1865-1920 After the Civil War Americans got busy expanding internally. With the frontier to conquer and virtually unlimited resources, they had little reason to look elsewhere. Americans generally had a high level of disdain for Europe, although wealthy Americans were often educated there and respected European cultural achievements in art, music and literature. Americans also felt secure from external threat because of their geographic isolation betweenRead MoreModernization Theory And Dependency Theory1811 Words   |  8 Pagestraditions and of their backward mindset. However, Latin America never fully became modernized and a theory as to why is because of its failure in the â€Å"global economy† (Chasteen, Textbook p.14). Chasteen describes dependency theory as having some probable reasons as to why Latin America has not modernized the way the rest of developed countries have, but could this be an old idea (Chasteen, Textbook p14 271). Modernization theory does seem to be linked to the War of Independence and post-colonial Latin AmericaRead MorePre-Columbian Period9302 Words   |  38 Pagesconstructed various styles of earthen mounds for burial, residential and ceremonial purposes. These included Archaic, Woodland period (Adena and Hopewell cultures), and Mississippian period Pre-Columbian cultures dating from roughly 3000 BC to the 16th century AD, and living in the Great Lakes region, the Ohio River region, and the Mississippi River region. Mound builder cultures can be divided into roughly three eras: Archaic era Poverty Point in what is now Louisiana is perhaps the most prominentRead MoreOne Significant Change That Has Occurred in the World Between 1900 and 2005. Explain the Impact This Change Has Made on Our Lives and Why It Is an Important Change.163893 Words   |  656 PagesCataloging-in-Publication Data Essays on twentieth century history / edited by Michael Peter Adas for the American Historical Association. p. cm.—(Critical perspectives on the past) Includes bibliographical references. ISBN 978-1-4399-0269-1 (cloth : alk. paper)—ISBN 978-1-4399-0270-7 (paper : alk. paper)—ISBN 978-1-4399-0271-4 (electronic) 1. History, Modern—20th century. 2. Twentieth century. 3. Social history—20th century. 4. World politics—20th century. I. Adas, Michael, 1943– II. American HistoricalRead MoreThe Main Theoretical Weaknesses of Mercantilism8168 Words   |  33 PagesEnglands way of making the most profit possible from their colonies in North America. With that said, there are still some weaknesses that cause this system not to be as effective as it could have been. One of these weaknesses was the war and the imperialism. Mercantilism during that time was looked at as economic warfare and was supposed to be well-matched to an era of military warfare (Helleiner, 2002) its weakness was the thought that since the level of world trade was seen as secure, and it followedRead MoreCoco Cola18335 Words   |  74 Pagescaries.[7] High fructose corn syrup[edit] High fructose corn syrup  was rapidly introduced in many processed foods and soda drinks in the US over the period of about 1975–1985. Since 1985 in the U.S., Coke has been made with  high fructose corn syrup  instead of  sucrose  to reduce costs. One of the reasons this has come under criticism is because the  corn  used to produce corn syrup often comes from genetically altered plants.[8]  Some nutritionists also caution against consumption of high fructose corn

Persuasive Essay On Immunizations - 1600 Words

Imagine traveling to the â€Å"Happiest Place on Earth†, Disneyland, with your family. While you are there a person that has not been vaccinated is walking around with the measles virus in their system. While that person shows no signs or symptoms of the measles, they are infecting others that haven’t been vaccinated, due to young age or other purposes. Now what turned out to be many people’s family vacations is now a life-threatening situation for some. This type of outbreak actually occurred during December of 2014, where 40 Californians were exposed to the measles at Disneyland and 91 additional cases of the outbreak strain also occurred from the people exposed affecting others (Blumberg et al, 2015). Outbreaks likes this can potentially be†¦show more content†¦This poses the question that if vaccinations can protect a child from a major illness why are parents choosing not to vaccinate their children? In the past couple of years controversy over immu nizations has become a large debate in society. Many parents have come to the belief that if their child is given vaccinations their chance of getting autism spectrum disorder increases; therefore they choose not to vaccinate their child. However, evidence has show that vaccines have no correlation with autism spectrum disorder. A meta-analysis conducted of five cohort and five case studies found no evidence for the link between vaccinations and the subsequent risk of developing autism spectrum disorder (Taylor, Swerdfeger, Eslick, 2014). The cohort study consisted of 1,256,407 children and the case studies consisted of a total of 9,920 children (Taylor, Swerdfeger, Eslick, 2014). Though it’s natural for a parent to worry and want to protect their child from something harmful, scientific studies have show that no correlation is present with vaccinations and autism spectrum disorder. Childhood immunizations are extremely important to promote with expectant parents because it’s their vital decision to get their child vaccinated or not. Expectant parents need to be educated by health care workers about immunizations in order to completely understand how important they are for their newborn child’s health. Immunization accounts forShow MoreRelatedPersuasive Essay On Immunizations1774 Words   |  8 Pagesabout immunizations? According to the Medilexicon medical dictionary, â€Å"an immunization is the action of making a person or animal immune to infection, typically by inoculation.† The Merriam-Webster Dictionary provides a more technical definition of immunizations by defining them as â€Å"the creation of immunity usually against a particular disease, treatment (as by vaccination) of an organism for the purpose of making it immune to a particular pathogen.† Most people feel that immunizations are a veryRead MoreShould Vaccines Be M andatory1492 Words   |  6 PagesShould Vaccinations be Mandatory? This essay will attempt to investigate the employment of the 23 plus vaccinations used today and how they defend the preventions and spread of diseases. The paper will support the pros and the cons of vaccinations that are supported by research statistics as well as the different symptoms that have been reported for each available vaccine. What is a vaccine? Vaccines have been defined as the development of depleted or killed microscopic organismsRead MoreA Chapter Analysis : Inoculation Theory944 Words   |  4 PagesChapter Analysis Essay: Inoculation Theory This theory is often explained and equated to vaccinations, immunizations, flu shots and the like; hence its name, Inoculation Theory. William McGuire, the originator of the theory in 1961, created the phrase attitude inoculation to refer to the process (Have your children had their anti-smoking shots?† 2004). The idea behind the theory is to cause resistance to persuasion as it comes against core beliefs or cultural truisms by inoculating the belief withRead MoreEssay about Arguments for and Against Mandatory Vaccination2269 Words   |  10 Pagesvaccination of girls have become sources of controversy for parents of school-aged youth, legislators, members of the medical community, and the public at large (Cooper et al. 2010). Evidence Based Arguments against Mandatory HPV Vaccination Childhood immunizations, such as measles, chicken pox, and polio, are mandatory for school-aged youth and are required because of their highly contagious nature, especially in settings where people congregate in large numbers (De Jong and Bouma, 2001). Therefore, parentsRead MorePersuasive Essay About Vaccines And Vaccinations2223 Words   |  9 PagesHailey Chirhart Paul Reid English Composition 2 June 8, 2015 Persuasive Essay Rough Draft You and your significant other have just found out that you’re pregnant. You will carry the baby for 9 months and you will protect it with your own body, but what happens after birth? What kind of protection should you provide them with? The question is to vaccinate, or to not vaccinate? First off, let’s start with what a vaccine is. A vaccine is a substance that produces antibodies and provides immunity against

Essay about Richard Nixon - 2082 Words

Richard Nixons presidency is one of the most examined, analyzed and discussed, yet least understood, of all the American administrations in history. While many factors still remain to be discovered, and many mysteries are left to be resolved, we need to do the best that we can to make sense of this secretive president of our past and his era. He is the one American figure about whom very few people dont have strong feelings for. Nixon is loved and hated, honored and mocked . The term Watergate, labeled by Congress in 1974, stands for not only the burglary, but also for the numerous instances of officially sanctioned criminal activity and abuses of power as well as the obstruction of justice that preceded the actual break-in.†¦show more content†¦It was an inspiring speech that would remove the fear that he believed restrained the Americans and the Soviets from better relationships in the past. Meanwhile, in Washington, the Presidents election staff was overcome with a different fear. Despite Nixons high standing position for being reelected, his CREEP staff (Committee to Reelect the President) was afraid that they might not have as much dirt on Nixons opponents as they had on Nixon. The President laid upon his staff the determination to do whatever possible to win the election . With this approval, Nixons staff, headed by G. Gordon Liddy, began planning more ways of attaining information from the DNC. What they named the Plumbers unit was established as a special task force for the President. The Plumbers purpose was to keep any secret information from being discovered by reporters. In one situation, wearing CIA provided disguises, they illegally broke into Dr. Fields office, a psychiatrist, for information on a patient, Daniel Ellsberg, who had given private Pentagon papers to the New York Times 25). It turned out that the doctor had already been visited by the FBI and, taking precaution, removed the files. The White House also came up with an adversary list. Every President from Washington to Johnson has had his list of disapprovals, but Nixons was much more efficient and threatening . The list originated onShow MoreRelatedRichard Nixon : The Silent1491 Words   |  6 PagesRichard Nixon was a president that dealt with many problems while he was in office, such as Vietnam, China, and civil rights. Nixon was a great politician and appeared to want the best for America. In Nixon s silent majority speech he wanted to end the war in vietnam while sparing the â€Å"democratic† citizens in southern Vietnam, but for him to do this he needed to bargain with the citizens of America and the leaders of the western world in order to accomplish his goals without too many problems, suchRead MorePardon of Richard Nixon1193 Words   |  5 PagesControversial Pardon of Richard Nixon HIST102 American History Since 1877 Instructor: 22 February 2014 Former President Richard Nixon is most well-known for his role in the Watergate crisis in the early 1970’s. The Watergate crisis started in June of 1972, when the Democratic National Committee (DNC) headquarters was broke into by members of Nixon’s re-election committee. The press took this breaking news and began to dig deeper into what the Whitehouse (President Nixon) was hiding. Over theRead MoreThe Legacy Of Richard Nixon1104 Words   |  5 PagesRichard Nixon, though created a large credibility gap within the US, he accomplished a lot for the country. He served five years in the presidential office as a republican (1969-1974), and he was the only president to resign from office in history. Although through his presidency he had accomplished many things, such as creating revenue sharing, ending the draft, and creating anticrime laws, he still had a rough time rebuilding his reputation after many assumptions of corruption in his office. ThoughRead MoreThe Presiden cy Of Richard Nixon1856 Words   |  8 Pagesthe 1970s, under President Richard Nixon, the people felt the first serious inflation since after World War II. Also under Nixon, a scandal of political sabotage caused fear and mistrust towards the government. The crises in the 1970s represented the first time in American history when the public perceived their government had fail them and it did through mistrust in the government, foreign crises, and a strong decline in the economy. Under the presidency of Richard Nixon, a wide-spread of fear withinRead MoreEssay Richard Nixon1491 Words   |  6 PagesRichard Nixon Born in 1913 in Yorba Linda, California, Richard Milhouse Nixon was raised in a Quaker home with his four brothers, mother and father. His family led a docile life by abstaining from all dancing, swearing, drinking and other common Quaker practices (Barron 12). Financially, the family struggled and he could not afford to attend Harvard University even with a full-ride scholarship. Instead, Nixon enrolled at Whittier College, a popular Quaker college close to home (Barron 39). NixonRead MoreRichard Nixon Essay628 Words   |  3 PagesRichard Nixon History will inevitably forgive Richard Nixon. Despite his obvious unlawful mistakes, he made a good president. Until 1968, most Americans saw Richard Nixon as a political has-been, a dour pre-McCarthy hunter of Communists. In 1968, however, Nixon won the Presidency by presenting himself as a healer of divisions. He demonstrated that he had greater ability to reinvent himself than any other modern politician. More than any other figure between the death of Franklin D. RooseveltRead MorePresident Nixon : President Richard Nixon Essay1878 Words   |  8 Pagesbe the downfall of President Richard Nixon. Nixon had a significant amount of experience in government before becoming president, which ultimately influenced how domestic policy, economic policy, and foreign policy was shaped during his tenure. I. EXPERIENCE BEFORE THE PRESIDENCY: As documented by the Miller Center, Richard Nixon’s start in national politics began in the late 40s with his successful campaign for the House of Representatives in California (Richard Nixon: Life Before the Presidency)Read More Richard Nixon Essay2727 Words   |  11 PagesRichard Nixon The President of the United States is often considered the most powerful elected official in the world. The President leads a nation of great wealth and military strength. Presidents have often provided decisive leadership in times of crisis, and they have shaped many important events in history. The President has many roles and performs many duties. As chief executive, the President makes sure that federal laws are enforced. As commander in chief of the nations armed forcesRead MoreNixon Vs. President Richard M. Nixon1304 Words   |  6 PagesTrace Haven Mrs. Molzahn American Literature May 17, 2017 Nixon vs. People   Ã‚  Ã‚   President Richard M. Nixon once said, â€Å" I can see clearly now†¦ that I was wrong in not acting more decisively and more forthrightly in dealing with Watergate† (Watergate Quotes). The Watergate scandal began when five men attempted to break into the headquarters of the Democratic National Committee at the Watergate Complex. The government had to create an act in order to have the right to view all surveillance footageRead More Richard Nixon and the Election of 19691107 Words   |  5 PagesRichard Nixon and the Election of 1969   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Richard Nixon, was born on January 9th, 1913, in Yorba Linda, California. Fifty-six years after he was born he became the 37th president of the United States. In the election Nixon only defeated the democratic candidate, Hubert Humphrey, by about 500,000 in the popular vote. Nixon is considered one of the most controversial politicians of the twentieth century. He used his political experience, his background, the communist scare of the late forties

Kfkfkfkf Free Essays

4-Mat Review on Entwistle Chelesea Snyder Liberty University Summary If you are looking for both sides of the argument Integrative Approaches to Psycology and Christianity is your book. If gives the different models and different theories to back each one up completely. Integrative Approaches to Psychology and Christianity was a great read. We will write a custom essay sample on Kfkfkfkf or any similar topic only for you Order Now Entwistle did an amazing job on putting together a great read with some different aspects to things. The author’s thoughts are trying to explain the truth of God’s word and show the insights it has on psychology. Integration which there were several different theories and approaches to the two, is what this book revolved around. The argumentation of integration and psychology are still a question with no right or wrong answers. While most of his arguments had biblical truths with in them he could argue that they didn’t. The psychology world has seen many pros to people believing in Christianity. It’s been a great stress reliever as well as a different mindset for people. The book explains that t sacred and secular combatants when it comes to the truth. Human nature is we are all born with sin having good and evil within our souls and hearts. Within the reading society has seemed to always struggle on integrating the two. You have government that tells us we must separate church and state, you have some within society that would like to see the two integrate together again. We have seen in Entwistles works that people have within the church come up with science ideals. These approaches and studies however were hidden because religion was scared they no longer had the answers. For these two different parts of life to truthfully integrate people are going to have to put their feelings aside and work together; compromise is the only way these two will always over shadow the other. Epistemology, metaphysics and philosophical anthropologies are important to exam within the worldview of things. By examining the two books God’s word and the book of God’s works we can come to a better model of integration (Entwistle, 2010). The text talks about integration in a way that if you are too Christian you lose psychology and if you are to big into science you seem to lose the Christian principles behind it. Enemies, Spies, Colonialists, Neutral Parties, and Allies; are the 5 integration models. Enemies in short term believe that religion and psychology could never be integrated, spies there are two types of spies. Spies on the outside or spies on the inside. Spies on the outside want information only to link with their principles and spies on the inside try to be buddy Neutral parties are just that neutral to everything and say they don’t really care either way. Colonialists on the other hand seek to make psychology subservient to theology. Allies are those who are on your side. I think that science without religion is lame and conversely that religion without science is blind. Both are important and should work hand-in-hand. Albert Einstein (Entwistle, 2010). Concrete Responses The saying that got to me was when you come to a fork in the, road take it. It reminds me of the poem the Road Not Taken by Robert Frost. When I was a sophomore in college I was a mere 19 years old, I loved Kansas Wesleyan University but was still very miserable, seems kinda silly that I was so miserable yet loved the place all at the same time. I was newly married, my husband had just deployed shortly after I was stuck in a catch 22. My husband wasn’t in Califonia but I wanted to go and take a semester off the semester before to spend time with him. I should have but didn’t because my parents would of freaked in fact they did freakout which was why I came back in January to finish out the year instead of spending three months as newlyweds. Coming back in January was hard very hard I was very involved in everything on campus from Choir, student activities, and even RA. We sang Robert Frost’s poem the road not taken, it was dark and one of my favorites. The end of that year I left Kansas Wesleyan transferred to Fort Hays University and took the fork in the road. This was triggered because it was out of the normal. To my parents thye very much didn’t support my decision so it was wrong because it wasn’t theirs. This particular situation just makes me think that I have control over things but not all and even if they do not match my opinions and decisions I shouldn’t make a snap judgment as Jesus gave us all different forks or paths to take. We must jump at the opportunity he gives us to fly at the fork in the road. Reflection The thing that troubled me with this book was the author’s talk about limitations. While I believe he is correct we are very much a part of nature however I don’t believe God set limitations on humans. My theory within limitations is most of the time we humans limit ourselves. God will meet us half way always has, we must do some of the work as well. God let’s us figure and find things within science on his time if not we wouldn’t know about space, molecules or anything about human nature and progress in sciences. Action The biggest thing I want to take from this book to put into my counseling is realize that not one way is affective on everybody. Some people will want to know you are praying for them and others will want you to pray with them right then and there. I want to put into practice that my client will get what they want and me as the counselor need to make it appoint to give the client exactly what they have asked for. I want people to feel great about themselves which is why I want to be a counselor in the first place. But the biggest thing I want people to realize is they as well as God have the reigns with their counseling so we will use this as a way to hopefully heal and mend their hearts and minds. References Entwistle, D. N. (2010). Integrative approaches to psychology and christianity: An introduction to worldview issues, philosophical foundations, and models of integration  (2 nd ed. ). Eugene, OR: Wipf and Stock. How to cite Kfkfkfkf, Papers

Louis Sullivan Essay Research Paper Louis Sullivan free essay sample

Louis Sullivan Essay, Research Paper Louis Sullivan was without a uncertainty one of the most influential figures in American architecture. He can be credited with lying the foundation of today # 8217 ; s modern skyscrapers. In add-on, he has produced some of the most brilliant decorations seen in 19th and twentieth century, which adorned his edifices. On September 3, 1856, Louis Henri Sullivan was born in Boston, Massachusetts. His came from an Irish male parent and a Gallic female parent. Louis led a sheltered childhood as consequence of the civil war, and spent a good trade of clip on his grandparents # 8217 ; farm outside of the metropolis. It is here that Sullivan developed an intense construct of nature, which would be evident in his ulterior work. By the age of 12, Louis decided to prosecute a calling in architecture. Moses Wilson, one of Sullivan # 8217 ; s high school instructors, introduced him to the subjects of silence, attending, and watchfulness, which are necessary constituents of the abilities to detect, reflect, and discriminate. These would function to assist him in his calling chases. Asa Gray, a phytologist from Harvard who lectured at his school, caught his involvement in the morphology of workss. At the age of 16, he was admitted two old ages early to the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Sullivan # 8217 ; s first employment came as a draughtsman for the architectural house Furness and Hewitt in Philadelphia, which he felt was best suited to his gustatory sensations. An economic terror resulted in his layoff from the house and his resettlement to Chicago. It was here that he went to work for Major William LeBaron Jenney. It was non long earlier Louis had acquainted himself with legion other designers in the metropolis ; the most of import of whom would turn out to be John Edelman. The summer of 1874 had Sullivan going overseas to the Ecole diethylstilbestrols Beaur Arts in Paris. After go throughing strict admittances trials, he studied geometric signifier from Monsieur Clopet. Next, Louis toured Italy to analyze its all right plants of art. Sullivan returned to Chicago in 1875, where he worked several draftsman places over the following five old ages. After this period, John Edelman introduced him to Dankmar Adler. The two formed a partnership in 1881 that would last 14 old ages. Sullivan handled the design of their architecture, while Adler oversaw the technology and acoustic countries of the house. Louis had two chief protegees over the class of his calling. Frank Lloyd Wright was his main draughtsman until 1893, when George Grant Elmslie took over the place until 1909. Infact, Elmslie had an influential manus in Sullivan # 8217 ; s work during the last old ages of the operation. After the bend of the century nevertheless, Sullivan became impoverished with few committees. Prior to his decease in 1924, he wrote A System of Architectural Ornam ent. In the book, he illustrates â€Å"natural world† subject apparent in his work. In a comparatively short sum of clip, Sullivan achieved many paces in American architecture. His plants were based on the Romantic Movement of the clip, and his most common edifice decorations depicted flowers. He constructed diverse types of constructions including abodes, office edifices, Bankss, warehouses, mills, theatres, libraries, and an auditorium. Louis was ever one to integrate the latest technological progresss into his work. He was the first to use steel model in his building of the Insurance Building of Chicago in 1884. It was this construction that paved the manner for contemporary skyscrapers. He was besides one of the first to use the electric lift, and integrate it seamlessly into his masonry. Sullivan did non merely plan great edifices he influenced history. Sullivan was one of the first designers to construct # 8220 ; skyscrapers # 8221 ; . When people look at our major metropolis # 8217 ; s now that is all they see from a distance. Louis stayed off from past manners of architecture that he considered inessential. Sullivan created what is called # 8220 ; functional architecture # 8221 ; . In functional architecture a edifice is non merely made with its artistic intent in head and it is non made with merely its intent in my head, but the signifier of the edifice on the outside reflects what the edifice is used for on the interior. Although it seems the natural thing to make, non many designers integrated nature into their work until Sullivan. The edifices he designed were both representatives of tradition and alteration at the same clip. His belief that architecture is merely an extension of life, a natural map, comes from his life experience. Sullivan designed edifi ces that made sense to him ; that is, their # 8220 ; signifier follows function. # 8221 ; He besides had enormous regard for the natural universe ; and that was besides incorporated into his edifices. He clearly understood the importance of an aesthetically pleasing construction every bit good as a functional 1. Since Sullivan died his expression has become the standard for his profession. Almost every major metropolis today has skyscrapers ; hence Louis Sullivan has influenced about every major metropolis. Today, the bulk of Sullivan # 8217 ; s edifices have faced destruction. However, an attempt was taken on by the Southern Illinois University to roll up and continue the assorted decorations on his edifices prior to their devastation. These samples of his work can be observed at the college museum. However, there still are constructions of Sullivan # 8217 ; s standing today. The rural Bankss that he constructed in Ohio between 1907 and 1920 have been considered by many to be his best staying work. Bibliography Louis Sullivan: A Visionary ( 1978 )